COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A FIRST AND SECOND-GENERATION COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PLATELET-RICH PLASMA CONCENTRATION SYSTEM
Main Article Content
Keywords
platelet rich plasma, PRP, Knee Osteoarthritis
Abstract
Background: The use of orthobiologics, particularly platelet-rich plasma (PRP), has become increasingly prevalent for the treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies. However, there is limited research comparing the PRP yields from different commercially available systems. In 2024, the second-generation EmCyte PurePRP® TWO GenesisCS 120 mL Concentrating System was released, and the GS120-PurePRP® II 120mL Concentrating System was retired.
Methods: This study evaluates the platelet concentrate products from these two PRP systems. A retrospective review of registry data from 20 consecutive patients treated with intra-articular PRP injections for knee osteoarthritis (OA) was conducted. Platelet recovery rate, deliverable platelet dose, and white (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts were analyzed.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in platelet recovery (P = 0.4094) or deliverable platelet dose (P = 0.4104) between the two systems.
Conclusion: Platelet recovery rate and dose, WBC and RBC counts were similar between the newly released and legacy systems.
References
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3. Raeissadat SA, Gharooee Ahangar A, Rayegani SM, et al. Platelet-rich plasma-derived growth factor vs hyaluronic acid injection in the individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A one year randomized clinical trial. J Pain Res. 2020;13:1699–711. https://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.S210715
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5. Donovan RL, Edwards TA, Judge A, et al. Effects of recurrent intra-articular corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis at 3 months and beyond: A systematic review and meta-analysis in comparison to other injectables. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022;30(12):1658–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.011
6. Belk JW, Lim JJ, Keeter C, et al. Patients with knee osteoarthritis who receive platelet-rich plasma or bone marrow aspirate concentrate injections have better outcomes than patients who receive hyaluronic acid: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthroscopy. 2023;39(7):1714–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2023.03.001
7. Brophy RH, Fillingham YA. AAOS clinical practice guideline summary: Management of osteoarthritis of the knee (Nonarthroplasty), Third Edition. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022;30(9):e721–e729. https://doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-d-21-01233
8. Chahla J, Cinque ME, Piuzzi NS, et al. A call for standardization in platelet-rich plasma preparation protocols and composition reporting: A systematic review of the clinical orthopaedic literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(20):1769–79. https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.16.01374
9. Murray IR, Geeslin AG, Goudie EB, et al. Minimum information for studies evaluating biologics in orthopaedics (MIBO): Platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(10):809–19. https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.16.00793
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11. Magalon J, Chateau AL, Bertrand B, et al. DEPA classification: A proposal for standardising PRP use and a retrospective application of available devices. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2016;2(1):e000060. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000060
12. Nakagawa HF, Kim J, Rinaldi J, et al. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of platelet-rich plasma for knee osteoarthritis: Adherence to minimum information for studies evaluating biologics in orthopaedics. Am J Sports Med. 2025:3635465241249996. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465241249996
13. Stone AV, Abed V, Owens M, et al. Randomized controlled trials on platelet-rich plasma for knee osteoarthritis poorly adhere to the minimum information for studies evaluating biologics in orthopaedics (MIBO) guidelines: A systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 2024;52(6):1617–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465231185289
14. Castillo TN, Pouliot MA, Kim HJ, et al. Comparison of growth factor and platelet concentration from commercial platelet-rich plasma separation systems. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(2):266–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510387517
15. Everts PA, Brown Mahoney C, Hoffmann JJ, et al. Platelet-rich plasma preparation using three devices: Implications for platelet activation and platelet growth factor release. Growth Factors. 2006;24(3):165–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/08977190600821327
16. Kevy SV, Jacobson MS. Comparison of methods for point of care preparation of autologous platelet gel. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2004;36(1):28-35.
17. Tamimi FM, Montalvo S, Tresguerres I, et al. A comparative study of 2 methods for obtaining platelet-rich plasma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65(6):1084–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2006.09.012
18. Fitzpatrick J, Bulsara MK, McCrory PR, et al. Analysis of platelet-rich plasma extraction: variations in platelet and blood components between 4 common commercial kits. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5(1):2325967116675272. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116675272
19. Degen RM, Bernard JA, Oliver KS, et al. Commercial separation systems designed for preparation of platelet-rich plasma yield differences in cellular composition. HSS J. 2017;13(1):75–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-016-9519-3
20. Prysak MH, Kyriakides CP, Zukofsky TA, et al. A retrospective analysis of a commercially available platelet-rich plasma kit during clinical use. PM R. 2021;13(12):1410–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12569
21. Oh JH, Kim W, Park KU, et al. Comparison of the cellular composition and cytokine-release kinetics of various platelet-rich plasma preparations. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(12):3062–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515608481
22. GenesisCS Component Concentrating System: INSTRUCTION FOR USE Fort Myers, FL: EmCyte Corporation; May 2024. Accessed April 5, 2025, https://emcyte.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FC60-SP.pdf
23. GS: IFU ILLUSTRATION Fort Myers, FL: EmCyte Corporation; https://emcyte.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/GS-AB-PI.pdf
24. Buford D, Sherman N. In my experience…15 data points to better evaluate platelet rich plasma kits and protocols. J Orthopaed Experience Innovation. 2024;5:118697. https://doi.org/10.60118/001c.118697
25. Everts PA, Sadeghi P, Smith DR. Basic science of autologous orthobiologics: Part 1. Platelet-rich plasma. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2023;34(1):1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2022.08.003
26. Jain D, Goyal T, Verma N, et al. Intradiscal platelet-rich plasma injection for discogenic low back pain and correlation with platelet concentration: A prospective clinical trial. Pain Med. 2020;21(11):2719–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa254
27. Gentile P, Garcovich S. Systematic review—The potential implications of different platelet-rich plasma (PRP) concentrations in regenerative medicine for tissue repair. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(16):5702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165702
28. Giusti I, D'Ascenzo S, Mancò A, et al. Platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma affects tenocyte behavior in vitro. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:630870. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/630870
29. Nguyen PA, Pham TAV. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on human gingival fibroblast proliferation and migration in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26:e20180077. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0077
30. Berrigan W, Tao F, Kopcow J, et al. The effect of platelet dose on outcomes after platelet rich plasma injections for musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2024;17(12):570–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-024-09922-x
31. Berrigan WA, Bailowitz Z, Park A, et al. A greater platelet dose may yield better clinical outcomes for patelet-rich plasma in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Arthroscopy. 2025;41(3):809–17.e802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2024.03.018
32. Piao L, Park H, Jo CH. Theoretical prediction and validation of cell recovery rates in preparing platelet-rich plasma through a centrifugation. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0187509. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187509
33. Lueptow RM, Hübler W. Sedimentation of a suspension in a centrifugal field. J Biomech Eng. 1991;113(4):485–91. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2895430
34. Katkov, II, Mazur P. Factors affecting yield and survival of cells when suspensions are subjected to centrifugation. Influence of centrifugal acceleration, time of centrifugation, and length of the suspension column in quasi-homogeneous centrifugal fields. Cell Biochem Biophys. 1999;31(3):231–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02738241
35. Chen N, Wang H, Shao Y, et al. A comparative study on platelet-rich plasma from elderly individuals and young adults to treat pressure ulcers in mice. J Surg Res. 2024;294:198–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.08.029
36. Trevisson B, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Sevillano D, et al. Age-based inter-subject variability in platelet and white blood cell concentrations of platelet-rich plasma prepared using a new application to blood separation system. Int Wound J. 2022;19(2):362–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13636
37. Trevissón B, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Sevillano D, et al. Influence of sexual dimorphism, aging, and differential cell capture efficiency of blood separation systems on the quality of platelet-rich plasma. J Clin Med. 2022;11(6):1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061683
38. Tian J, Li XJ, Ma Y, et al. Correlation of bioactive components of platelet rich plasma derived from human female adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood with age. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):18428. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45747-3
39. Tian J, Lei XX, Xuan L, et al. The effects of aging, diabetes mellitus, and antiplatelet drugs on growth factors and anti-aging proteins in platelet-rich plasma. Platelets. 2019;30(6):773–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2018.1514110
40. Evanson JR, Guyton MK, Oliver DL, et al. Gender and age differences in growth factor concentrations from platelet-rich plasma in adults. Mil Med. 2014;179(7):799–805. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-13-00336
41. Xiong G, Lingampalli N, Koltsov JCB, et al. Men and women differ in the biochemical composition of platelet-rich plasma. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(2):409–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517740845
42. Weibrich G, Kleis WK, Hafner G, et al. Growth factor levels in platelet-rich plasma and correlations with donor age, sex, and platelet count. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2002;30(2):97–102. https://doi.org/10.1054/jcms.2002.0285
43. Wertz RK, Koepke JA. A critical analysis of platelet counting methods. Am J Clin Pathol. 1977;68(1 Suppl):195–201.
44. Briggs C, Harrison P, Machin SJ. Continuing developments with the automated platelet count. Int J Lab Hematol. 2007;29(2):77–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-553X.2007.00909.x
45. Matsuno K. Quality control and quality assurance of platelet counting. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999;30 Suppl 3:75–8.
46. Baccini V, Geneviève F, Jacqmin H, et al. Platelet counting: Ugly traps and good advice. Proposals from the French-speaking cellular hematology group (GFHC). J Clin Med. 2020;9(3):8018. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030808
47. Graiet H, Lokchine A, Francois P, et al. Use of platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine: Technical tools for correct quality control. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018;4(1):e000442. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000442
48. Tan GC, Stalling M, Dennis G, et al. Pseudothrombocytopenia due to platelet clumping: A case report and brief review of the literature. Case Rep Hematol. 2016;2016:3036476. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3036476
49. Woodell-May JE, Ridderman DN, Swift MJ, et al. Producing accurate platelet counts for platelet rich plasma: Validation of a hematology analyzer and preparation techniques for counting. J Craniofac Surg. 2005;16(5):749–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000180007.30115.fa
50. Khetarpal S. A response to "Inconsistent platelet-rich plasma product from the Food and Drug Administration cleared devices: A retrospective review of clinic data." J Am Acad Dermatol. Sep 2021; 85(3):e177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.092
51. Cid J, Claparols M, Pinacho A, et al. Comparison of blood component preparation methods from whole blood bags based on buffy coat extraction. Transfus Apher Sci. 2007;36(3):243–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2006.11.003
52. Everts P, Onishi K, Jayaram P, et al. Platelet-rich plasma: New performance understandings and therapeutic considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(20):7794. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207794
53. Finnoff JT, Awan TM, Borg-Stein J, et al. American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: Principles for the responsible use of regenerative medicine in sports medicine. Clin J Sport Med. 2021;31(6):530–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0000000000000973
2. Patel S, Dhillon MS, Aggarwal S, et al. Treatment with platelet-rich plasma is more effective than placebo for knee osteoarthritis: A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. Am J Sports Med. 2013;41(2):356–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512471299
3. Raeissadat SA, Gharooee Ahangar A, Rayegani SM, et al. Platelet-rich plasma-derived growth factor vs hyaluronic acid injection in the individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A one year randomized clinical trial. J Pain Res. 2020;13:1699–711. https://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.S210715
4. Samra DJ, Orchard JW. Patterns of platelet-rich plasma use among Australasian sports physicians. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2015;1(1):e000054. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000054
5. Donovan RL, Edwards TA, Judge A, et al. Effects of recurrent intra-articular corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis at 3 months and beyond: A systematic review and meta-analysis in comparison to other injectables. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022;30(12):1658–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.011
6. Belk JW, Lim JJ, Keeter C, et al. Patients with knee osteoarthritis who receive platelet-rich plasma or bone marrow aspirate concentrate injections have better outcomes than patients who receive hyaluronic acid: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthroscopy. 2023;39(7):1714–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2023.03.001
7. Brophy RH, Fillingham YA. AAOS clinical practice guideline summary: Management of osteoarthritis of the knee (Nonarthroplasty), Third Edition. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022;30(9):e721–e729. https://doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-d-21-01233
8. Chahla J, Cinque ME, Piuzzi NS, et al. A call for standardization in platelet-rich plasma preparation protocols and composition reporting: A systematic review of the clinical orthopaedic literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(20):1769–79. https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.16.01374
9. Murray IR, Geeslin AG, Goudie EB, et al. Minimum information for studies evaluating biologics in orthopaedics (MIBO): Platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2017;99(10):809–19. https://doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.16.00793
10. Mautner K, Malanga GA, Smith J, et al. A call for a standard classification system for future biologic research: The rationale for new PRP nomenclature. Pm r. 2015;7(4 Suppl):S53–s59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.02.005
11. Magalon J, Chateau AL, Bertrand B, et al. DEPA classification: A proposal for standardising PRP use and a retrospective application of available devices. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2016;2(1):e000060. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000060
12. Nakagawa HF, Kim J, Rinaldi J, et al. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of platelet-rich plasma for knee osteoarthritis: Adherence to minimum information for studies evaluating biologics in orthopaedics. Am J Sports Med. 2025:3635465241249996. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465241249996
13. Stone AV, Abed V, Owens M, et al. Randomized controlled trials on platelet-rich plasma for knee osteoarthritis poorly adhere to the minimum information for studies evaluating biologics in orthopaedics (MIBO) guidelines: A systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 2024;52(6):1617–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465231185289
14. Castillo TN, Pouliot MA, Kim HJ, et al. Comparison of growth factor and platelet concentration from commercial platelet-rich plasma separation systems. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(2):266–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510387517
15. Everts PA, Brown Mahoney C, Hoffmann JJ, et al. Platelet-rich plasma preparation using three devices: Implications for platelet activation and platelet growth factor release. Growth Factors. 2006;24(3):165–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/08977190600821327
16. Kevy SV, Jacobson MS. Comparison of methods for point of care preparation of autologous platelet gel. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2004;36(1):28-35.
17. Tamimi FM, Montalvo S, Tresguerres I, et al. A comparative study of 2 methods for obtaining platelet-rich plasma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65(6):1084–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2006.09.012
18. Fitzpatrick J, Bulsara MK, McCrory PR, et al. Analysis of platelet-rich plasma extraction: variations in platelet and blood components between 4 common commercial kits. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5(1):2325967116675272. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116675272
19. Degen RM, Bernard JA, Oliver KS, et al. Commercial separation systems designed for preparation of platelet-rich plasma yield differences in cellular composition. HSS J. 2017;13(1):75–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-016-9519-3
20. Prysak MH, Kyriakides CP, Zukofsky TA, et al. A retrospective analysis of a commercially available platelet-rich plasma kit during clinical use. PM R. 2021;13(12):1410–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12569
21. Oh JH, Kim W, Park KU, et al. Comparison of the cellular composition and cytokine-release kinetics of various platelet-rich plasma preparations. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(12):3062–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515608481
22. GenesisCS Component Concentrating System: INSTRUCTION FOR USE Fort Myers, FL: EmCyte Corporation; May 2024. Accessed April 5, 2025, https://emcyte.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FC60-SP.pdf
23. GS: IFU ILLUSTRATION Fort Myers, FL: EmCyte Corporation; https://emcyte.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/GS-AB-PI.pdf
24. Buford D, Sherman N. In my experience…15 data points to better evaluate platelet rich plasma kits and protocols. J Orthopaed Experience Innovation. 2024;5:118697. https://doi.org/10.60118/001c.118697
25. Everts PA, Sadeghi P, Smith DR. Basic science of autologous orthobiologics: Part 1. Platelet-rich plasma. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2023;34(1):1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2022.08.003
26. Jain D, Goyal T, Verma N, et al. Intradiscal platelet-rich plasma injection for discogenic low back pain and correlation with platelet concentration: A prospective clinical trial. Pain Med. 2020;21(11):2719–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa254
27. Gentile P, Garcovich S. Systematic review—The potential implications of different platelet-rich plasma (PRP) concentrations in regenerative medicine for tissue repair. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(16):5702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165702
28. Giusti I, D'Ascenzo S, Mancò A, et al. Platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma affects tenocyte behavior in vitro. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:630870. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/630870
29. Nguyen PA, Pham TAV. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on human gingival fibroblast proliferation and migration in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26:e20180077. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0077
30. Berrigan W, Tao F, Kopcow J, et al. The effect of platelet dose on outcomes after platelet rich plasma injections for musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2024;17(12):570–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-024-09922-x
31. Berrigan WA, Bailowitz Z, Park A, et al. A greater platelet dose may yield better clinical outcomes for patelet-rich plasma in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Arthroscopy. 2025;41(3):809–17.e802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2024.03.018
32. Piao L, Park H, Jo CH. Theoretical prediction and validation of cell recovery rates in preparing platelet-rich plasma through a centrifugation. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0187509. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187509
33. Lueptow RM, Hübler W. Sedimentation of a suspension in a centrifugal field. J Biomech Eng. 1991;113(4):485–91. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2895430
34. Katkov, II, Mazur P. Factors affecting yield and survival of cells when suspensions are subjected to centrifugation. Influence of centrifugal acceleration, time of centrifugation, and length of the suspension column in quasi-homogeneous centrifugal fields. Cell Biochem Biophys. 1999;31(3):231–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02738241
35. Chen N, Wang H, Shao Y, et al. A comparative study on platelet-rich plasma from elderly individuals and young adults to treat pressure ulcers in mice. J Surg Res. 2024;294:198–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.08.029
36. Trevisson B, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Sevillano D, et al. Age-based inter-subject variability in platelet and white blood cell concentrations of platelet-rich plasma prepared using a new application to blood separation system. Int Wound J. 2022;19(2):362–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13636
37. Trevissón B, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Sevillano D, et al. Influence of sexual dimorphism, aging, and differential cell capture efficiency of blood separation systems on the quality of platelet-rich plasma. J Clin Med. 2022;11(6):1683. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061683
38. Tian J, Li XJ, Ma Y, et al. Correlation of bioactive components of platelet rich plasma derived from human female adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood with age. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):18428. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45747-3
39. Tian J, Lei XX, Xuan L, et al. The effects of aging, diabetes mellitus, and antiplatelet drugs on growth factors and anti-aging proteins in platelet-rich plasma. Platelets. 2019;30(6):773–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2018.1514110
40. Evanson JR, Guyton MK, Oliver DL, et al. Gender and age differences in growth factor concentrations from platelet-rich plasma in adults. Mil Med. 2014;179(7):799–805. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-13-00336
41. Xiong G, Lingampalli N, Koltsov JCB, et al. Men and women differ in the biochemical composition of platelet-rich plasma. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(2):409–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517740845
42. Weibrich G, Kleis WK, Hafner G, et al. Growth factor levels in platelet-rich plasma and correlations with donor age, sex, and platelet count. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2002;30(2):97–102. https://doi.org/10.1054/jcms.2002.0285
43. Wertz RK, Koepke JA. A critical analysis of platelet counting methods. Am J Clin Pathol. 1977;68(1 Suppl):195–201.
44. Briggs C, Harrison P, Machin SJ. Continuing developments with the automated platelet count. Int J Lab Hematol. 2007;29(2):77–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-553X.2007.00909.x
45. Matsuno K. Quality control and quality assurance of platelet counting. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999;30 Suppl 3:75–8.
46. Baccini V, Geneviève F, Jacqmin H, et al. Platelet counting: Ugly traps and good advice. Proposals from the French-speaking cellular hematology group (GFHC). J Clin Med. 2020;9(3):8018. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030808
47. Graiet H, Lokchine A, Francois P, et al. Use of platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine: Technical tools for correct quality control. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018;4(1):e000442. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000442
48. Tan GC, Stalling M, Dennis G, et al. Pseudothrombocytopenia due to platelet clumping: A case report and brief review of the literature. Case Rep Hematol. 2016;2016:3036476. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3036476
49. Woodell-May JE, Ridderman DN, Swift MJ, et al. Producing accurate platelet counts for platelet rich plasma: Validation of a hematology analyzer and preparation techniques for counting. J Craniofac Surg. 2005;16(5):749–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000180007.30115.fa
50. Khetarpal S. A response to "Inconsistent platelet-rich plasma product from the Food and Drug Administration cleared devices: A retrospective review of clinic data." J Am Acad Dermatol. Sep 2021; 85(3):e177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.092
51. Cid J, Claparols M, Pinacho A, et al. Comparison of blood component preparation methods from whole blood bags based on buffy coat extraction. Transfus Apher Sci. 2007;36(3):243–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2006.11.003
52. Everts P, Onishi K, Jayaram P, et al. Platelet-rich plasma: New performance understandings and therapeutic considerations in 2020. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(20):7794. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207794
53. Finnoff JT, Awan TM, Borg-Stein J, et al. American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: Principles for the responsible use of regenerative medicine in sports medicine. Clin J Sport Med. 2021;31(6):530–41. https://doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0000000000000973
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Oct 28, 2025
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Sussman, W., Davitt, K., Latzka, E., Harkness, G., Mitchell , K., & Occhipinti, P. (2025). COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A FIRST AND SECOND-GENERATION COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PLATELET-RICH PLASMA CONCENTRATION SYSTEM. Biologic Orthopedics Journal, 7(1), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.22374/boj.v7i1.77
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